Since King
David conquered it from the Jebusites, renamed it, and gave it
its Jewish character, no other people except the Jews has ever
made Jerusalem their capital, despite its conquest by many
imperial powers, including that of the caliphal Arab successors
to Muhammad as they burst out of the Arabian Peninsula in the
7th century C.E. and spread in all directions. Damascus and
Baghdad were the seats of Arab imperial power, and Mecca and
Medina the holy cities. While this is not to say that Jerusalem
was ignored by Muslim conquerors (the Umayyads built the Dome of
the Rock/Mosque of 'Umar on the Temple Mount, making it Islam's
allegedly third holiest city), it is to say that Jerusalem was
and is in no way the focus for Islam that it is for Jews and
Judaism.
Since David made Jerusalem his capital and it became the
site of his son Solomon's Temple, Zion became the heart and soul
of Jewish national and religious existence. Jews from all over
the early diaspora made their pilgrimages and sent offerings to
its Temple...seventeen centuries before Muhammad was even a
thought.
"By the Rivers of Babylon we wept..." and "If I forget
thee O Jerusalem, may my right hand forget its cunning..." were
just a few of the many Biblical expressions of the Jews for
Zion. Such yearning persisted throughout subsequent millennia in
the Diaspora as well. "Next Year in Jerusalem"
sustained the Jew throughout countless degradations and
humiliations culminating in the Holocaust and witnessing the
miracle of Israel's rebirth itself.
There is no Muslim parallel to these claims, despite
constant efforts to portray "Palestinian" Arabs (most of whom
were new arrivals -- settlers -- in the land themselves), as the
"new Jews."
Coming from a hundred different lands (including those
native to Israel itself), Jews didn't have almost two dozen
other states to choose from and suffered dearly for this
statelessness. Most Arabs want sole rights over Jerusalem the
same way they want sole rights over Tel Aviv. In their eyes,
only they have legitimate political rights anywhere in
what they regard as the Dar ul-Islam. Just ask a black
African in the Sudan, a Kurd in Syria or Iraq, a Berber in North
Africa, or an Egyptian Copt (in addition to kilab yahud--"Jew
dogs"-- from the Arab countries themselves) for starters.
From a somewhat different yet related angle, Jesus'
earlier experiences in Roman-occupied Judaea and Jerusalem were
those of a Jew living under extremely precarious
conditions. Thousands of his countrymen had already been killed,
crucified, and such in the subjugation/pacification process of
Pax Romana. The contemporary Roman and Roman-sponsored
historians themselves--Tacitus, Josephus, Dio Cassius, and
others--had much to say about all of this. Consider, for
example, just a few telling quotes which I frequently refer to
from Tacitus. And notice, in particular, that the Romans made a
clear distinction between the Jews fighting for their freedom
and the Arabs who joined the Romans to gain a piece of the
prospective kill:
" Vespasian succeeded to the throne...it
infuriated his resentment that the Jews were the only
nation who had not yet submitted...Titus was appointed
by his father to complete the subjugation of Judaea...he
commanded three legions in Judaea itself...To these he
added the twelfth from Syria and the third and
twenty-second from Alexandria...amongst his allies were
a band of Arabs, formidable in themselves and harboring
towards the Jews the bitter animosity usually subsisting
between neighboring nations,"
Volume II, Book V.
These oppressive conditions led to open revolts and
guerilla warfare to rid the land of its mighty pagan conqueror
--wars which would eventually lead the Roman Emperor, Hadrian,
to rename the land itself from Judaea to Syria Palaestina
in 135 C.E. in an attempt to stamp out any remaining hopes for
Jewish independence and national existence. Judaea was thus
renamed after the Jews' historic enemies, the Philistines, a
non-Semitic sea people from the eastern Mediterranean or Aegean
region, to drive home the point.
Judaea Capta (not "Palaestina" Capta...hear
that, Yasir?) coins were issued, and the towering Arch of Titus
was erected after the first major revolt in 70 C.E. and shows,
among other things, the Romans carrying away the giant Menorah
and other objects from the Jewish Temple that Arafat and many,
if not most, Arabs and other Muslims claim never existed. It
stands in Rome to this very day to commemorate Rome's victory
over the Jews and Jewish Jerusalem.
When Muhammad, the Prophet of Islam, fled Mecca to
Medina in 622 C.E. (the Hijrah), the inhabitants
welcomed him. Medina had been developed centuries earlier as a
thriving date palm oasis by Jews fleeing the Roman assault (the
banu-Qurayzah, banu-al-Nadir, and other tribes as well) and its
mixed population of Jews and pagan Arabs had thus become
conditioned for a native prophet speaking the word of G-d.
Muhammad learned much from the Jews. While the actual
timing of his decision on the direction of prayer will never be
known, during his long sojourn with the Jews of Medina, his
followers were instructed to pray towards Jerusalem. Early
prominent Arab historians such as Jalaluddin came right out and
stated that, given the importance of Jerusalem to the Jews, this
was done primarily as an attempt to win support among the
influential Jewish tribes (the "People of the Book") for
Muhammad's religio-political claims.
As was already discussed, it is from the Temple Mount in
Jerusalem that Muslims believe Muhammad ascended to Heaven on
his winged horse, and a mosque and the Dome of the Rock would
later be erected on this Jewish holy site after the Arab
imperial conquest of the land in the 7th century C.E.
Despite the claims of Arafat and his kind, there is no
doubt among objective scholars that Jews had an enormous impact
on both Muhammad and the religion that he founded. The holy
sites for Muslims in Jerusalem --the mosques erected on the
Temple Mount of the Jews--are now deemed "holy" precisely
because of the critical years Muhammad spent after the
Hijrah with the Jews.
The Temple Mount had no prior meaning to pagan Arabs. An
ascent to "Heaven" from Jerusalem or the Temple Mount would have
been meaningless to them.
While there was also some early Christian influence,
intense scholarship has shown that the Holy Law (Halakha)
and Holy Scriptures of the Jews had a tremendous influence on
the Qur'an, Islamic Holy Law (Shari'a), and other
aspects of the Muslim faith as well. Muhammad's "Jerusalem
connection" was most likely not established until after
his extended stay with his Jewish hosts. This was no mere
coincidence...Muslim religious beliefs regarding Muhammad's
conversations with the Angel Gabriel or
whatever notwithstanding.
When the Jews refused to recognize Muhammad as the "Seal
of the Prophets," he turned on them with a vengeance. Before
long, with the exception of Yemen, there were virtually no Jews
left on the Arabian Peninsula. And the direction of prayer was
changed away from Jerusalem and towards the Kaaba in Mecca
instead...
While it may not be politically correct to say this, to
state that Jerusalem has the same meaning for Arabs and/or
Muslims as it has for Jews is to simply tell a lie.
"Palestine" became largely "Arab" the same way that most
of the two dozen states that now call themselves "Arab" today
did... by the conquest, occupation, settlement, and forced
Arabization of other native, non-Arab peoples and their
lands.
Given all of this, the mere thought of Arafat--born in
Cairo and, like many other Egyptian and Arabs from Syria and
other lands as well, entering into the Palestinian Mandate after
World War I but telling Jews that it was off limits for
them to do this themselves (even though half of Israel's Jews
were refugees from Egypt and other "Arab" lands ), is appalling.
Israel must stand firm on this issue.
Arafat must not be given a shrine atop the Jews' most
holy of places from which yet more incitement to kill yet more
Jews will certainly arise.
There will likely be violence over this issue. And when
Israel does what it must do to quell it, America must be there
to give it the support it will need against Arafat's French
hosts and numerous others who will surely blame the Jews for the
bloodshed.
Bury his despicable bones in Cairo.